Li, Yunyao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-3227
Tong, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-4568
Sun, Ziheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-0023
Zhang, Li https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-3338
Ferrada, Gonzalo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7502-9439
Sun, Shan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8595-7375
Zhang, Xiaoyang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8456-0547
Chen, Jack https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3764-1149
Ichoku, Charles https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3244-4549
Darmenov, Anton https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4993-8078
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA23OAR4590388)
United States Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA23OAR4590388)
United States Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA23OAR4590388)
United States Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA23OAR4590387)
United States Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA23OAR4590387)
United States Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA23OAR4590387)
Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.