Goes, Marlos
Dong, Shenfu
Cowley, Rebecca
Cotroneo, Yuri
Sprintall, Janet
Cirano, Mauro
Ferola, Antonino Ian
Ferreira, Tayanne
Barros, Werner
Tan, Zhetao
Aulicino, Giuseppe
Ridgway, Ken
Parks, Justine
Brzenski, Jared
Forget, Gael
Fratianni, Claudia
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program (NA20OAR4320472)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program (NA20OAR4320278)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program (NA20OAR4320278)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program (NA20OAR4320278)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program)
Programma Italiano di Ricerche in Antartide (ACCESS PNRA19_00032)
Programma Italiano di Ricerche in Antartide (ACCESS PNRA19_00032)
Programma Italiano di Ricerche in Antartide (ACCESS PNRA19_00032)
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS) and the Brazilian Oil Regulatory Agency (2018/00451-6, 2018/00452-2, and 2024/00240-6)
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS) and the Brazilian Oil Regulatory Agency (2018/00451-6, 2018/00452-2, and 2024/00240-6)
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS) and the Brazilian Oil Regulatory Agency (2018/00451-6, 2018/00452-2, and 2024/00240-6)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
European Union, Horizon Europe Funding Programme for research and innovation (101060452, 10.3030/101060452)
Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 7 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.