Matsuda-Dunn, Reiko
Hale, Elaine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-0386
Estreich, Ellie
Lavin, Luke
Konar-Steenberg, Gabriel
Funding for this research was provided by:
DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (DE-AC36-08GO28308)
DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (DE-AC36-08GO28308)
DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (DE-AC36-08GO28308)
DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (DE-AC36-08GO28308)
DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (DE-AC3608GO28308)
Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.