Cai, Mengpu
Fu, Rongrong
Wang, Yaodong
Lu, Bin
Guo, Saiwei
Xu, Fangyao
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62073282)
S & T Program of Qinhuangdao City, China (202302B015)
State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, China (KFKT2025B88)
Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.