Nie, Xiaomin
Yan, Jinling
Song, Xiangjie
Yue, Jiayin
Jiang, Aijun
Chu, Sijia
Wang, Wei
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Joint Fund for Medical Artificial Intelligence
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Article History
Received: 26 October 2025
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.