Sun, Lu
Xiang, Ga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-915X
Tan, Zicheng
Guo, Zhaozhong
Qi, Rui
Cao, Jun
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (KM202311232014)
Beijing Information Science and Technology University (2024YKJ03)
General Program of Beijing Higher Education Associatio
Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 21 May 2026
First Online: 25 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.