Zhou, Ronghui
Tang, Xiaoli
Zhao, Liebin
Shen, Junyi
Sha, Sha
Qin, Yanmin
Xin, Yue
Guo, Weiwei
Qian, Jiuchao
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (824QN411)
2024 Nursing + X Interdisciplinary Research Fund of the School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (HLXKGDD2024)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2025ZHYL043)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University“Medical-Engineering Cross Research Fund—Clinical Transformation Project” (YG2023LC12)
Nursing Development Program from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and high-level local university construction project founded by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (SJTUHLXK2023)
Article History
Received: 26 October 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.