Hart, Ahren
Sturley, Hamish
Mclean, Paul
Salva-Garcia, Pablo
Shakir, Muhammad Zeeshan
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology's
Ayrshire 5GIR project
Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 2 June 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.