Waleed, Mirza https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-2490
Sajjad, Muhammad
Al-Ghamdi, Sami G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7416-5153
Gao, Meng
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (RFS2223-2H02)
Article History
Received: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2026
First Online: 23 September 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. The dataset and analyses were produced in an academic setting without any commercial or financial conflicts of interest.