Oshina, Masahito
Oshima, Yasushi
Tanaka, Sakae
Tan, Lee A.
Li, Xudong Josh
Tuchman, Alexander
Riew, K. Daniel
Article History
Received: 18 May 2018
Accepted: 18 October 2018
First Online: 30 October 2018
Competing Interests
: Dr. Riew owns stock in Osprey, Expanding Orthopedics, Spineology, Spinal Kinetics, and Nexgen Spine and received an honorarium from Advanced Medical, Grand Rounds, Medtronic, Zeiss, and Zimmer Biomet. Dr. Tanaka has received honoraria from Amgen Inc., ASAHI KASEI PHARMA CORPORATION, Amgen Astellas BioPharma K.K., KYOCERA Medical Corporation, DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED, TEIJIN PHARMA LIMITED., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Pfizer Japan Inc., endowments from Astellas Pharma Inc., AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer Japan inc, DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY LIMITED, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd and grants from The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research. Masahito Oshina, Yasushi Oshima, Lee A Tan, Xudong Josh Li, and Alexander Tuchman declare no conflicts of interest.