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Article History

Received: 26 July 2021

Accepted: 18 February 2022

First Online: 7 March 2022

Competing interests

: Catherine Egan and Adnan Tufail received a financial grant from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital; NHS Foundation Trust; and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology. Adnan Tufail is employed as a consultant for Heidelberg Engineering and Optovue. The funding organizations had no role in the design or conduct of this study. Richard Spaide is a consultant for Topcon and Heidelberg. Richard Spaide holds the patent for Frangi vessel segmentation. Outside of this work and without any influence on the conduct or submission of this study, Javier Zarranz-Ventura has been a consultant from Alcon, Alimera Science, Allergan, Bausch & Lomb, Bayer, Brill Pharma, DORC, Novartis, and Roche; is a grant holder in Allergan and Novartis; and has been a lecturer for Topcon and Zeiss. Peter Maloca has been a consultant for Zeiss Forum. He is consultant for Roche, Bayer, Mediconsult, VisionAI (Switzerland), Heidelberg Engineering (Germany), and Bayer (UK). Peter Maloca holds patents for speckle denoising and machine learning. The other authors of this paper declare no competing interests.