Torabi, Fatemeh
Bedston, Stuart
Lowthian, Emily
Akbari, Ashley
Owen, Rhiannon K.
Bradley, Declan T.
Agrawal, Utkarsh
Collins, Peter
Fry, Richard
Griffiths, Lucy J.
Beggs, Jillian
Davies, Gareth
Hollinghurst, Joe
Lyons, Jane
Abbasizanjani, Hoda
Cottrell, Simon
Perry, Malorie
Roberts, Richard
Azcoaga-Lorenzo, Amaya
Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis
Shi, Ting
Tsang, Ruby S. M.
Robertson, Chris
Hobbs, F. D. Richard
de Lusignan, Simon
McCowan, Colin
Gravenor, Michael
Simpson, Colin R.
Sheikh, Aziz
Lyons, Ronan A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council (MR/V028367/1, MR/V028367/1, MR/V028367/1, MR/V028367/1, MR/V028367/1, MR/V028367/1, MR/V028367/1, MR/V028367/1, MR/V028367/1, MR/V028367/1, MR/V028367/1)
Health Data Research UK (HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006, HDR-9006)
Economic and Social Research Council (grant ES/S007393/1, grant ES/S007393/1, grant ES/S007393/1, grant ES/S007393/1, grant ES/S007393/1, grant ES/S007393/1, grant ES/S007393/1, grant ES/S007393/1, grant ES/S007393/1)
Health and Care Research Wales (Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre)
HDRUK and ONS and UKRI (Research grant, Research grant, Research grant)
Academy of Medical Sciences
HDRUK/National Core Studies
UKRI
Chief Scientist Office Scotland (Research funding paid to research institution, Research funding paid to research institution)
NIHR (Research funding paid to research institution)
MBIE (Research grant to my institution)
Article History
Received: 28 February 2022
Accepted: 8 September 2022
First Online: 30 September 2022
Competing interests
: AS is a member of the Scottish Government Chief Medical Officer's COVID-19 Advisory Group and the New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Risk Stratification Subgroup and AstraZeneca's COVID-19 Thrombocytopenia Task Force; all roles are remunerated to AS or his institution. AS received funding from Medical Research Council and HDRUK during the course of this study and is a member of editorial board at BMC medicine. CRS. declares funding from the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research, the Chief Scientist Office and the New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment and Health Research Council during the conduct of this study. RKO is a member of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Technology Appraisal Committee (TAC), and has served as a paid consultant to the pharmaceutical industry providing methodological, advice and support unrelated to this research. Other authors have declared no competing interest with this work.