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Article History

Received: 2 February 2022

Accepted: 29 October 2022

First Online: 28 November 2022

Competing interests

: Professor Karen Canfell is co–principle investigator of an investigator-initiated trial of cervical screening, “Compass”, run by The Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer (ACPCC), which is a government-funded not-for-profit charity; “Compass” receives infrastructure support from the Australian government and the ACPCC has received equipment and a funding contribution from Roche Molecular Diagnostics, USA. She is also co–principle investigator on a major implementation program Elimination of Cervical Cancer in the Western Pacific which has received support from the Minderoo Foundation and the Frazer Family Foundation, and equipment donations from Cepheid Inc. She also receives support for a range of other Australian and international government projects including support from philanthropic organizations, WHO, and government agencies related to cervical cancer control. K.C. is a Chair or member of a number of government or meetings convened by the World Health Organization (WHO), or philanthropic organizations such as Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF). Professor John Zalcberg has stock and other ownership interests in Biomarin, Ophthea, Amarin, Concert Pharmaceuticals, Frequency Therapeutics, Gilead, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, UniQure, Zogenix, rphazyme, Moderna Therapeutics, TWST and Novavax. JZ holds a consulting or advisory role in Merck Serono, Targovax, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Halozyme, Lipotek, Specialized Therapeutics, CEND, Deciphera, REVOLUTION MEDICINE, FivePHusion, Genorbio, 1Global and Novotech. JZ’s institution received funding from Merck Serono, Bristol-Hyers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, IQvia, Mylan, Ipsen, Elsai, Medtronic and MSD Oncology. JZ received travel, accommodations and expenses from Merck Serono, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Deciphera and Sanofi. Professor Finlay Macrae is a member of the Clinical Advisory Group of the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program. His group receives support from Cancer Australia and the Victorian Cancer Agency for Australian leadership of the CAPP trials for cancer prevention in Lynch Syndrome. He chairs the Australian and New Zealand Gastrointestinal International Training Association which receives support from industry, philanthropic organizations and Australian Government for its activities in the Indo-Pacific region. He is the principal investigator of several clinical trials funded by the pharmaceutical industry. Other authors do not have competing interest.