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Authors
Kalatskaya, Irina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-859X
Giovannoni, Gavin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-1700
Leist, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8924-8891
Cerra, Joseph
Boschert, Ursula https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7541-5284
Rolfe, P. Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3540-1843
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Merck
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Article History
Received: 6 September 2022
Accepted: 28 April 2023
First Online: 18 May 2023
Competing interests
: Irina Kalatskaya and P. Alexander Rolfe are employees of EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA). Gavin Giovannoni has received speaker honoraria and consulting fees from AbbVie, Actelion (Janssen/J&J), Atara Bio, Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene (BMS), FivePrime, GlaxoSmithKline, GW Pharma, Ironwood, Merck, Novartis, Merck & Co., Pfizer Inc., Protein Discovery Laboratories, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, UCB, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals; and has received research support unrelated to this study from Biogen, Ironwood, Merck, Novartis, Merck & Co., and Takeda. Thomas Leist has received consultancy fees or clinical research grants from Acorda, Bayer, Biogen, Daiichi, EMD Serono, Inc. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA), Novartis, ONO, Pfizer, and Teva Neuroscience. Joseph Cerra was affiliated at the time of this analysis to EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA). Current affiliation: Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. Ursula Boschert is an employee of Ares Trading S.A., Eysins, Switzerland (an affiliate of Merck KGaA).
