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Article History

Received: 2 May 2023

Accepted: 29 August 2023

First Online: 4 September 2023

Competing interests

: JPW reports research funding from the <i>Deutsche Stiftung für</i> Herzforschung unrelated to the current work. PK is listed as inventor on two patents held by University of Birmingham (Atrial Fibrillation Therapy WO 2015140571, Markers for Atrial Fibrillation WO 2016012783). PK receives additional research support for basic, translational, and clinical research projects from European Union, British Heart Foundation, Leducq Foundation, Medical Research Council (UK), and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, from several drug and device companies active in atrial fibrillation, and has received honoraria from several such companies in the past, but not in the last three years. CM has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Loewenstein Medical, Boehringer Ingelheim/Lilly, Bayer, Pfizer, Sanofi, Aventis, Apontis, Abbott outside this work. RT holds a professorship in clinical cardiology at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, supported by the Kühne Foundation, and reports research support from the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No P300PB_167803), the Swiss Heart Foundation and the Swiss Society of Cardiologyand speaker honoraria/consulting honoraria from Abbott, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Roche, Siemens, Singulex and Thermo Scientific BRAHMS, outside the submitted work. No other authors declare potential conflicts of interest.