Ikeda, Masaki
Yutaka, Yojiro
Chen-Yoshikawa, Toyofumi F.
Tanaka, Michio
Yamamoto, Masaki
Tanaka, Satona
Yamada, Yoshito
Ohsumi, Akihiro
Nakajima, Daisuke
Hamaji, Masatsugu
Yoshizawa, Akihiko
Kusaka, Eishi
Nagao, Miki
Date, Hiroshi
Article History
Received: 4 March 2023
Accepted: 28 September 2023
First Online: 10 October 2023
Competing interests
: MI, YY, and HD have a financial relationship with Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., which is the company that developed the system used in this study to produce ultrafine ozone bubbles. The other authors have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose. Technical and financial support for the work described in this manuscript was provided by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.