Sperber, Jacob
Zachem, Tanner J.
Prakash, Ravi
Owolo, Edwin
Yamamoto, Kent
Nguyen, Annee D.
Hockenberry, Harrison
Ross, Weston A.
Herndon, James E. II
Codd, Patrick J.
Goodwin, C. Rory
Article History
Received: 11 July 2023
Accepted: 28 December 2023
First Online: 22 January 2024
Competing interests
: The following authors have no competing interests or disclosures relevant to the current work, nor any true/perceived conflicts of interest: Ravi Prakash, Edwin Owolo, Annee D. Nguyen, Harrison Hockenberry, Weston Ross. Disclosures relevant to the current work: Patrick Codd: Named patents/invention disclosures associated with technologies described. Tanner J. Zachem: Patent Application/invention disclosures associated with technologies described. Jacob Sperber: Patent Application/invention disclosures associated with technologies described. C. Rory Goodwin: Patent Application/invention disclosures associated with technologies described. Disclosures outside of the current work: The following authors have no competing interests or disclosures outside of the current work, nor any true/perceived conflicts of interest: Tanner J. Zachem, Jacob Sperber, Ravi Prakash, Edwin Owolo, Annee D. Nguyen, Harrison Hockenberry, Weston Ross. Patrick Codd: Chief Medical Officer of Mente Inc., hold stock and ownership. Chief Scientific Officer of Thexa Technologies Inc., hold stock and ownership. Ownership and consulting revenue through Brainso LLC. C. Rory Goodwin: Received grants from the Robert Wood Johnson Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program, the Federal Food and Drug Administration, and the NIH 1R01DE031053-01A1. Consultant for Stryker and Medtronic. Deputy Editor for Spine. All other authors have no competing interests.