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Article History

Received: 11 July 2023

Accepted: 24 June 2024

First Online: 26 June 2024

Competing interests

: S. W. K. received Grants from Novartis, Bayer, Samsung Bioepis, Roche, Altos Biologics, Opthea, Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Hanlim Pharm. Co. Ltd., and SamChunDang Pharm. Co. Ltd. and serves as a board member and consultant for Bayer, Novartis, Roche, and SamChunDang Pharm. Co. Ltd. J. C. received non-financial supports from SamChunDang Pharm. Co. Ltd. V. S. S. received Grants from SamChunDang Pharm. Co. Ltd., Allergan, Opthea, Oxurion, Recens Medical, Roche, Regenxbio, Eyepoint, Genentech, Ionis, Novartis, Regeneron, Santen, Gyroscope, Chengdu Kanghong, SalutarisMD, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Alimera Sciences, Outlook, 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Ashvattha Therapeutics, Olix pharmaceuticals, Janssen, and OcuTerra and received consulting fee from Genentech, Novartis, Alimera, EyePoint, Graybug, Apellis, Regeneron, and Vial and received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Genentech, Alimera, and Apellis. A. N. received travel grant from Bausch & Lomb and serves as a board member of Klinka Oczna and received equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services from Kodiac, Ora, Altos, Xbrain, and Quilu. M. M. received grant from SamChunDang Pharm. Co. Ltd. A. P. received grants from Bayer, Novartis, Iveric Bio, Samsung Bioepis, Amgen, Oculis, Quilu, Roche, Xbrain, Formycon, Regeneron, Altos Biologics, Shanghai Henlius Biotech Inc., Kodiak Sciences Inc., Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., and SamChunDang Pharm. Co. Ltd. and received consulting fees from Bayer, Novartis, Roche, and Formycon and received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Bayer, Novartis, and Roche and received travel grant from Novartis and serves as a board member of Bayer, Novartis, and Roche and a president of retina section of the Hungarian Ophthalmic Society. D. M. B. received grants from Adverum, Alderya, Alexion, Alkahest, Alimera, Amgen, Annexon, Apellis, Aura, Bayer, Boston Image Reading Center, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clearside Biomedical, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Eyepoint, Gemini, Genentech/Roche, Graybug, Gyroscope, John Hopkins, Ionis, Irenix, Iveric, Kodiak, Lowery Medical Research Group, Lumithera, Nanoscope, NEI/NH, Neurotech, NGM, Novartis, Ocular Therapeutix, Ocuphire Pharma, Inc., OIRRC, ONS, Opthea, Opthotech, OPTOS, Oxurion, Oysterpoint, Regeneron, REGENXBIO, Roche, SamChunDang Pharm. Co. Ltd., Samsung, Sandoz, Santen, Senju, Stealth, Unity, Xbrane, and Zeiss and serves as a consultant for 4DMT, Adverum Biotechnologies Inc., AGTC, Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Annexon Inc., Apellis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bayer, Biogen MA Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion Inc., Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical, Clearside Biomedical Inc., Coherus BioScience Inc., Gemini Therapeutics Inc., Glaukos, Heidelberg Engineering Inc., Iveric Bio Inc., Kodiak Sciences Inc., Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Medscape LLC, Molecular Partners AG, Novartis Pharma AG, Ocular Therapeutix, Ocuphire Pharma Inc., OPTOS PLC, Pontifax, PPD, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., RetinAI Medical AG, Ray Therapeutics Inc., SIMR Biotech, Samsung Bioepis Co. Ltd., Senju Pharmaceuticals Co.Ltd., SciNeuro Therapeutics Inc., Smilebiotek Zhuhai Limited, Stealth BioTherapeutics Inc., Verseon, and WebMD Global LLC and holds stock options in Adverum and Clearside Biomedical Inc. J. L. is an employee of SamChunDang Pharm. Co. Ltd. Y. B. received grant from SamChunDang Pharm. Co. Ltd.