King, Jennifer P.
Nguyen, Huong Q.
Kiniry, Erika L.
Phillips, C. Hallie
Gaglani, Manjusha
Martin, Emily T.
Geffel, Krissy Moehling
Nowalk, Mary Patricia
Chung, Jessie R.
Flannery, Brendan
Belongia, Edward A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1U01IP001038)
National Institutes of Health (1UL1 TR001857)
Article History
Received: 9 June 2024
Accepted: 3 September 2024
First Online: 13 September 2024
Competing interests
: EAB and HQN receive research support from Seqirus. MPN receives research support from Sanofi. MJG received research support from MedImmune during some of the analyzed seasons and was the Texas Pediatric Society, Texas Chapter of American Academy of Pediatrics, Co-Chair, Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee (Sep 2016–Aug 2022). ETM receives research support from Merck. JPK, ELK, CHP, KMG, JRC, and BF report no competing interests.
: The institutional review boards at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and all participating sites (Marshfield Clinic Health System IRB, Group Health Cooperative Human Subjects Review Committee/Kaiser Permanente-Washington Region IRB, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute IRB, University of Michigan IRBMED, and University of Pittsburgh Human Research Protection Office) approved the study.