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Article History

Received: 1 July 2024

Accepted: 6 September 2024

First Online: 19 September 2024

Competing interests

: Dr. Kengo Nagashima reports consulting fees from SENJU Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Toray Industries, Inc., and Kowa Company, Ltd, outside the submitted work. Dr. Takanobu Yamada reports personal fees from Taiho, Ono pharmaceutical, Bristol Squib Mayers, and Johnson and Johnson, outside the submitted work. Dr. Haruhiko Cho reports personal fees from Yakult Honsha, outside the submitted work. Dr. Shigenori Kadowaki reports personal fees from MSD, Merck KgaA, Eli Lilly, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Taiho, Ono pharmaceutical, Bristol Squib Mayers, and Chugai Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work. Dr. Narikazu Boku reports personal fees from Taiho and Ono, Eli Lilly, Taiho, Daiichi Sankyo, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, outside the submitted work. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. For this study informed consent has been waived by Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital Institutional review board/ethics committee due to the anonymity and retrospective nature of the study. An information disclosure document that was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of our hospital was published on the hospital’s website.