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Article History

Received: 12 January 2024

Accepted: 30 September 2024

First Online: 22 October 2024

Declarations

:

: This observational study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo (ID: 2023166NI). All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, particularly adhering to item 32 which states: ‘For medical research using identifiable human material or data, such as research on material or data contained in biobanks or similar repositories, physicians must seek informed consent for its collection, storage and/or reuse. There may be exceptional situations where consent would be impossible or impracticable to obtain for such research. In such situations, the research may be done only after consideration and approval of a research ethics committee.’ We provided opt-out methods for the participants by publishing a summary of this study on our university website. Informed consent was waived by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects in Japan. This manuscript was written in accordance with DECIDE-AI.

: Owing to the anonymous and retrospective nature of this study, the local Ethics Committee did not require individual consent from the patients.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.