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Development of the calf grimace scale for pain and stress assessment in castrated Angus beef calves

Published Online: 2024-10-27

Authors

Farghal, Mostafa

Pajor, Ed

Luna, Stelio P. L.

Pang, Daniel

Windeyer, M. Claire

Ceballos, Maria Camila
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

University of Calgary
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2024-10-27

Version of Record valid from 2024-10-27
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Article History

Received: 13 June 2024

Accepted: 21 October 2024

First Online: 27 October 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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