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Article History

Received: 8 August 2024

Accepted: 22 October 2024

First Online: 1 November 2024

Declarations

:

: The National Center for Health Statistics of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Institutional Review Board approved the protocol. The research program complied with the basic elements of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants signed an informed consent form while participating in NHANES. The NHANES study protocols were approved under the following protocol numbers: NHANES 1999–2004 (protocol #98 − 12), NHANES 2005–2006 (protocol #2005-06), NHANES 2007–2008 (continuation of protocol #2005-06), NHANES 2009–2010 (continuation of protocol #2005-06), NHANES 2011–2012 (protocol #2011-17), NHANES 2013–2014 (continuation of protocol #2011-17), NHANES 2015–2016 (continuation of protocol #2011-17), and NHANES 2017–2018 (continuation of protocol #2011-17).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.