Document is current

Article History

Received: 12 June 2024

Accepted: 15 November 2024

First Online: 18 November 2024

Declarations

:

: JZG is the President of Asovape Costa Rica, a Pro-Harm Reduction consumer organization; President of ARDT Iberoamerica, an alliance of Pro-Harm Reduction consumer organizations in Latin America, Spain, and Portugal; Director of Social Media and Audiovisual Producer of INNCO , a global coalition of Pro-Harm Reduction consumer organizations, which received funding from the Foundation for a Smokefree World (FSFW); and a recipient of a scholarship from Knowledge-Action-Change, which received funding from the Foundation for a Smokefree World (FSFW). None of these organizations had any role in, or oversight, of this study. AB is serving Pro Bono as Vice President, American Vapor Manufacturers —Prescott, AZ. Serving Pro Bono as Ambassador, World Vapers Alliance Serving Pro Bono as President, South Carolina Vapor Association, Charleston, SC JJCL is the President of the board of Mexico y el Mundo Vapeando O.N.G. and a scholarship recipient from Knowledge-Action-Change, which received funding from the Foundation for a Smokefree World (FSFW). None of these organizations had any role in, or oversight, of this study. Court Lawyer for vaping industries AM is a recipient of two scholarships from Knowledge-Action-Change, which receives funding from the Foundation for a Smokefree World (FSFW). This organisation has not had any role in, or oversight, of this study. KY is the Co-Founder of the Consumer Advocacy movement Vaping Saved My Life (VSML) Act as a consultant for the Vapour Products Association of South Africa (VPASA), an industry association for vapor product manufacturers and retailers. A member of the Advisory Board for the World Vapers Alliance (W.V.A.), a global consumer advocacy group. Recipient of the Tobacco Harm Reduction Scholarship Programme and Advanced Scholarship Programme from Knowledge Action Change(K.A.C.). K.A.C. receives funding from the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World. MS is a co-founder of Smoke-Free Baltic tobacco harm reduction initiative and a recipient of a scholarship from Knowledge—Action—Change, which received funding from the Foundation for a Smokefree World (FSFW). None of these organizations had any role in, or oversight, of this study. CR is Director of Russell Burnett Research and Consultancy Ltd, which has received research funding and/or consultancy fees from manufacturers of e-cigarettes/vaping products to conduct or consult on studies of individuals’ perceptions and use of tobacco and nicotine products, including e-cigarettes/vaping products. Michael Coughlan is a recipient of a scholarship from Knowledge-Action-Change, which received funding from the Foundation for a Smokefree World (FSFW). None of these organizations had any role in, or oversight, of this study. AS provides consulting services on tobacco harm reduction to Juul Labs, Inc. (JLI) through PinneyAssociates. She also individually provides consulting services on behavioral science to the Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR) through ECLAT Srl., which received funding from the Foundation for a Smokefree World (FSFW). None of these funders had any role in, or oversight, of this study. GC declares no conflict. PC declares no conflict. VT declares no conflict. RP is full tenured professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Catania (Italy) and Medical Director of the Institute for Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology at the same University. He has received grants from U-BIOPRED and AIR-PROM, Integral Rheumatology & Immunology Specialists Network (IRIS), Foundation for a Smoke Free World, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, CV Therapeutics, NeuroSearch A/S, Sandoz, Merk Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Arbi Group Srl., Duska Therapeutics, Forest Laboratories, Ministero dell Universita’ e della Ricerca (MUR) Bando PNRR 3277/2021 (CUP E63C22000900006) and 341/2022 (CUP E63C22002080006), funded by NextGenerationEU of the European Union (EU), and the ministerial grant PON REACT-EU 2021 GREEN- Bando 3411/2021 by Ministero dell Universita’ e (MUR) – PNRR EU Community. He is founder of the Center for Tobacco Prevention and Treatment (CPCT) at the University of Catania and of the Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction at the same university. He receives consultancy fees from Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Duska Therapeutics, Forest Laboratories, CV Therapeutics, Sermo Inc., GRG Health, Clarivate Analytics, Guidepoint Expert Network, and GLG Group. He receives textbooks royalties from Elsevier. He is also involved in a patent application for ECLAT Srl. He is a pro bono scientific advisor for Lega Italiana Anti Fumo (LIAF) and the International Network of Nicotine Consumers Organizations (INNCO); and he is Chair of the European Technical Committee for Standardization on “Requirements and test methods for emissions of electronic cigarettes” (CEN/TC 437; WG4).

: The study protocol received approval from the Ethics Review Board of the Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione Sezione di Psicologia at the University of Catania (approval date, 25 November 2020). All participants provided written informed consent.