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Article History

Received: 12 September 2024

Accepted: 20 November 2024

First Online: 25 November 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All methods and procedures in this study were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including ARRIVE guidelines and regulations. Research was conducted with the approval of the Ethical Committee of the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Croatia. Sampling permissions were obtained from each country’s relevant institutions. This includes Germany’s Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald (No. 60.5/Br, VG-19-028), and Landesamt für Landwirtschaft, Lebensmittelsicherheit und Fischerei Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (No. 7221.3-2-007/19); Hungary’s Pest County Government Office, Department of Environmental Protection and Nature Conservation (No. PE-KTFO/1672-6/2019); Slovenia’s Environmental Agency (No. 35601-8/2015 - 7), and the Ministry of the Environment, Climate and Energy (No. 35601-37/2013-14); Croatia’s Ministry of Environment and Energy (No. 517-07-1-1-1-18-4), and The Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development (Nos 517-05-1-1-21-4 and 517-10-1-2-23-4); and the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), under the authorisation of Law 157/1992 [Art. 4(1) and Art. 7(5)].