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Authors
Khogali, Rua
Bastos, Armanda
Getange, Dennis
Bargul, Joel L.
Kalayou, Shewit
Ongeso, Nehemiah
Verhoeven, Joost Theo Petra
Kabii, James
Ngiela, John
Masiga, Daniel
Villinger, Jandouwe
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Research Council (101000365)
European Research Council (101000365)
European Research Council (101000365)
European Research Council (101000365)
European Research Council (101000365)
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete
Direktion für Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
Direktoratet for Utviklingssamarbeid
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Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Accepted: 26 November 2024
First Online: 15 February 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The animal studies were approved by the Pwani University Ethics Review Committee (Ref: ERC/EXT/002/2020E), a license from the National Commission for Science Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) under (Ref: NACOSTI/P/22/16467). The studies were conducted in accordance with local legislation and institutional requirements. Written informed consent was not obtained from the owners for the participation of their animals in this study prior to livestock sampling. However, verbal and non-written consent was obtained from the livestock keepers, as most of the participants were unable to read or write. Field assistants from the community assisted in translating the language from English to the local language spoken by the community members to ensure that they understood the purpose of the study and how it would benefit them.
