Zhang, Qian
Liu, Zhilong
Zhang, Jiaqi
Yang, Shangjie
Liu, Liping
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272026)
Research Project Supported by the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2022-193)
Article History
Received: 28 October 2024
Accepted: 30 December 2024
First Online: 7 February 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol for NHANES was approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board. Participants provided completed an informed consent form at enrollment (). This study used publicly available de-identified data, therefore informed consent was not required.