Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Yang, Yunkang
Paudel, Ramesh
McShan, Jordan
Hindman, Matthew
Huang, H. Howie
Broniatowski, David
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
John S. and James L. Knight Foundation
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 16 July 2024
Accepted: 25 April 2025
First Online: 5 May 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Our study used publicly available data accessed through CrowdTangle, a public insights tool owned and operated, and later canceled by Meta. We did not collect any private user data or personally identifiable information. The data analyzed in this study consists solely of public posts made by Facebook pages, not individual users. The George Washington University’s Office of Human Research determined that this study does not require submission to its Institutional Review Board.
