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Authors
Joshi, Purvi
Bhattacharjee, Rohit
Sahu, Muskan
Gajjar, Devarshi
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2024
Accepted: 28 April 2025
First Online: 2 May 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC) of The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda and conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. As this was a retrospective study involving urinary catheters removed by healthcare workers based on physicians’ advice, with no direct or indirect interaction between the researchers and patients, the IBSC granted a waiver of informed consent. Demographic data, including gender, age, and duration of catheterization, were collected and analyzed in an anonymized format to ensure participants’ privacy.
