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Article History

Received: 17 December 2024

Accepted: 28 April 2025

First Online: 4 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The NHANES is classified as a cross-sectional study and is not a clinical trial, thereby precluding the necessity for clinical trial registration. The research protocol associated with this study has been granted approval by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board (#98-12,#2005-06, #2011-17, #2018-01), which is responsible for ethical review in human subject research and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.