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Authors
Bai, Xuexue
Feng, Ming
Ma, Wenbin
Wang, Shiyong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Peking Union Medical College Hospital (2022-PUMCH-C-012)
Peking Union Medical College (2023-I2M-C&T-B-008)
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Article History
Received: 9 August 2024
Accepted: 30 April 2025
First Online: 8 May 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This retrospective study was conducted using existing, fully anonymized clinical data without any patient intervention. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences waived the requirement for informed consent in accordance with Article 39 of China’s Ethical Review Measures for Biomedical Research Involving Humans (2016), and the study protocol was approved by the hospital’s Academic Ethics Committee. The research strictly adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received formal ethical approval exemption from the IRB (Exemption No. ZS-3931). The study design, ethical review process, and informed consent waiver procedures were fully compliant with Article 39 of the aforementioned Ethical Review Measures and Article 13 of China’s Personal Information Protection Law (2021).
: All participating authors give their consent for this work to be published.
