Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 October 2024

Accepted: 7 May 2025

First Online: 13 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors assume responsibility for the entire scope of this research, including the assurance that any inquiries concerning the precision or authenticity of any component are thoroughly examined and addressed accordingly. This undertaking has been granted ethical clearance by the Ethics Committee of Soochow University. In this study, we strictly adhered to ethical guidelines for human research. Informed consent was obtained from all patients or their legal guardians for lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent non-cancerous tissue experiments. We informed them of the purpose, methods, risks, and their rights. All participants voluntarily signed the consent form. We promise to protect their privacy and ensure data confidentiality. We will not disclose identifiable information or use data for other purposes. We believe in ethical conduct and thank all participants for their trust and support. We confirm full compliance with ARRIVE guidelines () for animal research reporting, as required by the journal’s editorial policies (). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.The experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of Soochow University.