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Authors
Elwakeel, Abdallah Elshawadfy
Oraiath, Awad Ali Tayoush
Omar, Wael Abdel-Moneim
Ahmed, Atef Fathy
Moghanm, Farahat S.
Alsebiey, Mohamed Mahmoud
Saeed, Omar
Eid, Mohamed Hamdy
Mohammed, Anan I. A.
Taha, Mohamed Farag
Tantawy, Aml Abubakr
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taif University
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Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 13 May 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declaration
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study demonstrates that the ADSD significantly reduces drying time compared to OSD for henna leaves, particularly at 6 cm thickness, which also improves drying efficiency and sustainability. ADSD exhibits lower energy payback time (1.77 years) and higher CO₂ mitigation (63.9 tons) at 6 cm. Despite some color retention advantages in OSD, ADSD proves more energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable, making it a viable solution for agricultural drying.
: The current findings are encouraging, but future research should explore temperature and airflow optimization to enhance drying efficiency and product quality. CFD analysis is essential to visualize heat and air distribution patterns, ensuring uniform drying and identifying design improvements. Integrating real-time monitoring with CFD could further refine the system for commercial scalability.
