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Authors
Pertek Hatipoğlu, Fatma
Magat, Güldane
Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali
Buchanan, Glynn Dale
Kopbayeva, Maira
Taha, Nessrin
Fernández-Grisales, Rafael
Bekjanova, Olga
Luu, Peter
Bürklein, Sebastian
Mufadhal, Abdulbaset
Petridis, Xenos
Mora, María Fernanda
Sugumaran, Surendar
Allawi, Safaa
Ivica, Anja
Lim, Wen Yi
Fadag, Abdulrahman
Jagtap, Rohan
Kulczyk, Tomasz
Alfirjani, Suha
Palma, Paulo J.
Hatipoğlu, Ömer
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Article History
Received: 2 January 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2025
First Online: 23 May 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the relevant ethics committees in each participating country. Ethical approvals were obtained from the following institutions: Germany: Ethik-Kommission Westfalen-Lippe, Münster; Approval No. 2023-355-f-N. Uzbekistan: LECV; Approval No. 2023/04-1716. Croatia: Research Ethics Committee of Dental School University of Zagreb. Approval No. 05-PA-30-20-9/2023. United States: University of Mississippi Medical Center. Approval No. UMMC-IRB-2024-130. Spain: CEIMG; Approval No. 2023/293. Colombia: CIEIH-CES; Approval No. Ae-1135/229. Jordan: White; Approval No. 36/161/2023. Kazakhstan: REC; Approval No. 2023/1634. Portugal: CEFMUC; Approval No. CE_006.2020. Singapore: SingHealth CIRB; Approval No. 2023/2407. Greece: Athens Dental Association; Approval No. 2152/29.11.2023. South Africa: Approval No. 374/2023. Turkey: N.E.Ü Faculty of Dentistry; Approval No. 2023/289. Each participating center obtained institutional ethical approval before the commencement of data collection. This study involved retrospective analysis of anonymized CBCT datasets, and no additional radiographic exposure was required beyond routine diagnostic procedures. All ethical regulations regarding patient data protection and privacy were strictly followed.
