Gao, Kedi
Lin, Youliang
Article History
Received: 26 March 2025
Accepted: 16 May 2025
First Online: 29 May 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study involving human participants was approved by the Research Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (Protocol #2005-06, #2011-17, and #2018-01), and was conducted in compliance with local legislation and institutional requirements. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.