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Article History

Received: 13 February 2025

Accepted: 22 May 2025

First Online: 2 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study received approval from the Ministry of Health Ethics Committee in Burkina on 19th July 2021 (Deliberation number 2021-08-200). The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Research Ethics Committee reviewed and approved the experimental methods as part of an amendment to the Research Protocol no. 19–038 ‘Developing entomological indicators to assess the public health value of the next generation LLINs’ (issued the 6th of August 2019, amended 17th November 2021). All animal protocols and procedures were performed in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (PP8697814) and were approved by the University of Cambridge AWERB. The Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare Assurance for the University of Cambridge covers all Public Health Service supported activities involving live vertebrates in the US (no. A5634-01). This study was carried out in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines (). All studies were in accordance with the Laboratory Animal Science Association’s guidelines for good practice. As this is an international partnership, involving researchers in both the Global North and Global South, we have included a reflexivity statement (Supplementary Document 1) to reflect on our approach to equitable partnerships within this study.