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Authors
Zhang, Xin
Zhang, Xin
Lu, Bin
Sun, Xiaoqing
Cui, Jianjun
Tian, Guogang
Zhang, Zhejia
Li, Yongzhen
Yu, Yuantai
Zhang, Guanhua
Pang, Xinjie
Liu, Jinhao
Feng, Chenxuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The National Social Science Fund of China (24&ZD208, 24&ZD208)
Tianjin Sports Bureau research project special Fund (24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05)
2024 National Sports Administration Science and Technology Innovation Program (24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007)
2023 National Team Science and Technology support youth project (23QN003)
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2024
Accepted: 23 May 2025
First Online: 31 May 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Volleyball Sports Management Center of the General Administration of Sport of China (Ethics Approval No. VSC-079).
: All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study, acknowledging their voluntary involvement and understanding of the study’s procedures, objectives, and potential risks.
