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Authors
Pertek Hatipoğlu, Fatma
Hatipoğlu, Ömer
Taha, Nessrin
Lehmann, Anna Paulina
Aldhelai, Thiyezen Abdullah
Madfa, Ahmed A.
Al-Haddad, Afaf Y.
Krmek, Silvana Jukić
Javed, Muhammad Qasim
Bhatti, Usman Anwer
Drobac, Milan
Surendar, Sugumaran
Martins, João Filipe Brochado
Palma, Paulo J.
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2024
Accepted: 23 May 2025
First Online: 3 June 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University Ethics Committee in Turkey (Approval No: 2021/118). Additionally, participating researchers secured ethical approvals in their respective countries, as required. Notable approvals included those from Mahsa University Ethics Committee in Malaysia (RMC/EC01/2022), University of Novi Sad Ethics Committee in Serbia (01-39/167/1), University of Zagreb Ethics Committee in Croatia (05-PA-30-IV-1/2022), and University of Coimbra Ethics Committee in Portugal (CE-086/2022). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the institutional ethical standards.
: All participants provided informed consent by voluntarily agreeing to participate in the online survey after being informed about the purpose of the study. Participants were assured that their responses would be kept confidential and used solely for research purposes. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants.
