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Article History

Received: 1 December 2024

Accepted: 26 May 2025

First Online: 30 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: To carry out this study, a supported letter from the Department of Zoological Science, Addis Ababa University was submitted to the Debre Markos Referral Hospital Administrative Body, and ethical approval letter was obtained from the Debre Markos Referral Hospital Administrative Office (Ref number 609/22.217/16). In addition, the local administrative bodies were informed regarding the objective and purpose of the study to encourage them to provide relevant data for this study. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations of the country. Since there is no experimental test and involvement of vulnerable group for this study (retrospective data), there is no need of experimental protocols approval by institutional review board. However, informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s) to access their data from Debre Markos Referral Hospital.

: Written informed consent was obtained from the management body of Debre Markos Referral Hospital Administrative Office after a necessary explanation about the purpose, benefit, and risk of the study. All required data from patients’ record were anonymized and replaced with code to remove individuals’ identification.