Samake, Jeanne N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2391-6583
Athinya, Duncan K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-0448
Milanoi, Sylvia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-910X
Ramaita, Edith
Muchoki, Margaret https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2734-8185
Omondi, Seline
Abong’o, Bernard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-604X
Matoke-Muhia, Damaris https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7737-8069
Mbogo, Charles https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5335-6551
Keitany, Kibor
Mukabana, Wolfgang Richard
Oyieke, Florence
Shieshia, Mildred
Mburu, Monica
Ogoma, Sheila
Nyawira, Elizabeth
Wekesa, Celestine https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4968-2933
Bartilol, Brian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8249-6833
Rono, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-821X
Maia, Marta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3302-5610
O’Meara, Wendy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-3965
Kahindi, Samuel
Rafferty, Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-5524
Schultz, Jonathan S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-5333
Gutman, Julie R.
Gimnig, John E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-447X
Zohdy, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5316-0567
Ochomo, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-4970
Funding for this research was provided by:
ORISE Postdoctoral fellowship
Global Fund NFM III
US Presidents Malaria Initiative
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant (INV-024969)
NIH_NIAID through the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Article History
Received: 2 November 2024
Accepted: 28 May 2025
First Online: 6 June 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The methods used in this study were conducted according to the study protocol reviewed and approved by the Scientific and Ethics Review Unit (SERU) at the Kenya Medical Research Institute, SERU 2776. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent from all subjects was obtained for both participation and publication of identifying information/images in an online open-access publication.
: This manuscript is published with the permission of the Director-General of the Kenya Medical Research Institute.