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Authors
Er-Vin, Wong
Marn, Yip Chun
Shuai, Wong Siew
Singh, Jasmin Kaur A./P. Kuljit
Rehman, Kiran
Sidhu, Preena
Thou, Loo Chee
Tang, Angelia Aurell
Ying, Ng Hui
Mahdi, Syed Sarosh
Davamani, Fabian
Sauro, Salvatore
Sheikh, Zeeshan
Daood, Umer
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
International Medical University (537/2021, 537/2021, 537/2021, 537/2021, 537/2021, 537/2021, 537/2021, 537/2021, 537/2021, 537/2021, 537/2021, 537/2021)
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2024
Accepted: 29 May 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The project obtained permission from the Institutional Review Board of International Medical University Kuala Lumpur. Obtained written informed consent from all persons who contributed extracted teeth for the laboratory in-vitro experiments approved by the Institutional Research Ethical Committee (537/2021).
: Consent for publishing has been obtained from all authors. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
