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Authors
Niu, Dan
Bai, Huihui
Zong, Yuan
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Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Accepted: 30 May 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The data was obtained from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD), in accordance with the approved data usage agreement (record ID: 58868345) granted by the PhysioNet review committee. The utilized database is released under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) safe harbor provision. The requirement for informed consent was exempted by the institutional review board of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology due to the retrospective nature of the study.
