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Authors
Zhou, Heng
Dong, Jiuqing
Han, Shujie
Chung, Seyeon
Ali, Hassan
Kim, Sangcheol
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Smart Farm Research and Development Project Group with the funds of the Korea Research Foundation’s University-focused Research Institute Support Project (NRF-2019R1A6A1A090317, NRF-2019R1A6A1A090317, NRF-2019R1A6A1A090317, NRF-2019R1A6A1A090317, NRF-2019R1A6A1A090317, NRF-2019R1A6A1A090317)
Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Science and Technology Information and Communication, and the Rural Development Administration (421023-04, 421023-04, 421023-04, 421023-04, 421023-04, 421023-04)
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Article History
Received: 25 October 2024
Accepted: 30 May 2025
First Online: 4 June 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study exclusively involved the collection of behavioral data from pigs at the Soonchunhyang University pig farm using non-invasive video recording. No physiological or invasive experiments were conducted on the animals. Therefore, no ethical issues related to animal experiments are applicable to this research. All procedures and data handling complied with relevant laws, guidelines, and institutional policies. During data collection, we adhered to all applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines and regulations. The data collection process was limited to non-intrusive video monitoring of pig behavior and did not involve any physiological manipulation or intervention.
