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Authors
Lei, Wang
Mixue, Guo
Huqiang, Dong
Zihua, Li
Jing, Tang
Wei, Zhao
Guanghui, Wang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key R&D Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2022BEG03156, 2022BEG03156, 2022BEG03156, 2022BEG03156, 2022BEG03156, 2022BEG03156, 2022BEG03156)
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Article History
Received: 30 November 2024
Accepted: 3 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: The portions of this study involving human participants, human materials, or human data were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Board. The relevant protocol numbers were Protocol #2005-06 (approved in 2005), Protocol #2011-17 (approved in 2011 and continued in subsequent cycles), and Protocol #2018-01 (approved in 2018). The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in the study. Detailed information about the ethical review and consent process is available on the NHANES website ().
