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Authors
Yu, Ling
Tao, Yibo
Jia, Pin
Li, Liling
Lv, Tianchan
Wang, Li
Song, Qinqin
Huan, Xia
Liu, Chan
Dou, Yalan
Xuan, Yan
Hu, Xiao-jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fudan University (FNF202030)
Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of high-level talents (821RC757)
the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2021YFC270100)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-5-002)
National Children’s Medical Center Discipline Leader Cultivation Program (EKXDPY202305)
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 4 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University on March 26, 2020, with the reference number (2020) 125. Also, the study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Ref. ID: NCT05406804). In the event that modifications to the research protocol were necessary, consultations were conducted with team members as well as experts in epidemiology and statistics. Subsequently, the revised protocol was resubmitted to the Ethics Committee. If deemed appropriate, team members underwent retraining. Explanations were provided with careful consideration of potential emergency situations. Mothers who met the inclusion criteria were informed about the study’s purpose, methodologies, and anticipated outcomes. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants and they were assured about the confidentiality of their information and privacy of their identity. They had the right to withdraw from the study at any stage, and their withdrawal from the study had no effect whatsoever on the presentation or quality of services offered to them. All methods were performed following the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
