Magakwe, Tshubelela Sello Simon
John, Eme Eseme
Daniel-Nwosu, Edith
Ogiemudia, Osamudiamen McHillary
Ike, Oforbuike Onyebuchi
Ogbonna, Grace Obumneke
dos Santos, Isaura Ilorena d’Alva Brito
Westbrook, Nalova
Amaechi, Okechi Ulumma
Uzuegbu, Ugochukwu E.
Kwarteng, Michael Agyemang
Eseme, Nnamdi John
Mulondo, Mutshidzi
Mashige, Khathutshelo Percy
Ekpenyong, Bernadine Nsa
Ezinne, Ngozika Esther
Meribe, Nnaemeka
Agho, Kingsley E.
Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi
Funding for this research was provided by:
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Health (4-DGEJZ1O/4-CW7UT14)
Article History
Received: 11 December 2024
Accepted: 4 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for this study was secured from several institutions, including: The Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria (FUT/SOHT/REC/vol. 4/2), the Research Ethics Committee of Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria (ABSU/REC/OPT/002/2024), the Health Research Ethics Committee of Ahmadu Bello University, Kano, Nigeria (NHREC/BUK-HREC/476/10/2311) and the Committee on Human Research, Publication and Ethics at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (CHRPE/AP/374/24). Before data collection, participants received detailed information about the study through an online preamble and electronically provided informed consent. The study complied with the Helsinki Declaration, ensuring the anonymity and confidentiality of all participant information.
: Not applicable.