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Article History

Received: 22 September 2024

Accepted: 5 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Sai-fu Fung has been a FIG brevet judge in TRA since 2001 and holds a Category 1 qualification in the XVI Cycle. He is also a member of the Asian Gymnastics Union TRA-TC, and serves as the Chairperson of the Gymnastics Association of Hong Kong, China. Yoon-Soo Han is the FIG MAG-TC Member and Asian Gymnastics Union MAG-TC President. Arturs Mickevics is the FIG MAG-TC President. The above sport governing bodies have no influence on the content of the paper and the publication process. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

: This study was based on secondary data. The ethical review process is not applicable. The authors declare that the entire research procedure was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of City University of Hong Kong research ethics committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.