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Article History

Received: 3 October 2024

Accepted: 5 June 2025

First Online: 19 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical clearance for the study was approved and obtained from the ethical review committee of the Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, and Debre Markos University with confirmation number: HSC/RCS/147/11/15. A formal letter of cooperation from the University was submitted to the administrative bodies of both hospitals for data extraction. Permission was obtained from all relevant authorities in the hospitals. The data extractors managed the search and retrieval of the selected samples’ medical records. Since the data were extracted from secondary source the need to obtain informed consent was waived by Debre Markos University college of Medicine and Health Sciences review board. Confidentiality was maintained by not including the names and identifications of study participants on the extraction tool. All extracted information was coded and stored in a secure room before being entered into the computer, which was then password-protected. Parental consent was not obtained as the study used secondary data.

: The need to obtain informed consent was waived by Debre Markos University College of Medicine and Health Sciences institutional review board.