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Article History

Received: 19 June 2024

Accepted: 5 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Change Date: 21 July 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this Article was revised: In the original version of this article, Affiliation 3 was incomplete. It now reads: “Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, GC Women University Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan.” Additionally, the original version of this Article omitted an affiliation for Muhammad Nadeem. Their correct affiliations are: “Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.” and “Present Address: Horticultural Sciences Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy FL 32351, USA.” The original Article has been corrected.

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors declare that the manuscript has not been published previously.

: All of the protocols utilized in this experiment were approved by the University of Sargodha’s Institutional Ethics and Guidelines Committee (Approval No. 177-Bot-S 127/2021 UOS). Every experimental procedure used in this study complied with all applicable rules and guidelines.

: The farmers were fully informed about the objectives, study procedure, and the importance of heavy metals.Verbal permission was obtained from the landowners, and they voluntarily participated in the study. They were encouraged to take part and receive vegetable samples for the assessment of their products via different irrigation sources because of public concerns about heavy metals.

: All the authors voluntarily agreed to participate in this research study.

: All authors consent to the publication of the manuscript.