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Authors
Li, Wu
Wu, Peng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2024JJ9251)
Hunan Cancer Hospital Research Climbing Plan (2020NSFC-B007)
Research Project of Science Popularization Special Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2024ZK4141)
Health Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission (W20243236)
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Article History
Received: 27 December 2024
Accepted: 6 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures conducted in studies involving human participants adhered to the ethical standards set by the institutional and/or national research committees, in line with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments or equivalent ethical guidelines. The analyses were based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study received approval from the Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics. Detailed information is available on the NHANES website. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to their inclusion in the NHANES database. Further details regarding the ethics application and informed consent process are also provided on the NHANES website.
: All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study, which included consent to publish anonymous quotes from individual participants.
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